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Thus Spake ZarathustraIdeasLibrary
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Laughter, dance and lightness

Lachen, Tanz

The dancing god, laughter as the weapon against the spirit of gravity; Zarathustra the dancer and the laughing lion.

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Chapters chiefly about it

In the book · 44 passages

First Part

Mountain peaks: laughing above tragedyVII. Reading and Writing
In the mountains the shortest way is from peak to peak, but for that route thou must have long legs. Proverbs should be peaks, and those spoken to should be big and tall. The atmosphere rare and pure, danger near and…

The man on the highest mountain laughs at all tragic plays and realities, joining exaltation to laughter.

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And when I saw my devil, I found him serious, thorough, profound, solemn: he was the spirit of gravity—through him all things fall. Not by wrath, but by laughter, do we slay. Come, let us slay the spirit of gravity! I…

Gravity is slain not by wrath but by laughter, ending in the flying, dancing lightness of the last lines.

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Do I speak of filthy things? That is not the worst thing for me to do. Not when the truth is filthy, but when it is shallow, doth the discerning one go unwillingly into its waters. Verily, there are chaste ones from…

The truly chaste laugh better and oftener, even at chastity itself.

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Second Part

Spear, storm and gratitude to enemiesXXIII. The Child with the Mirror
And when I want to mount my wildest horse, then doth my spear always help me up best: it is my foot’s ever ready servant:— The spear which I hurl at mine enemies! How grateful am I to mine enemies that I may at last…

He will cast hail between laughing lightnings, his wildness a storm of freedom.

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Bitten: bind me to the pillarXXIX. The Tarantulas
Verily, no cyclone or whirlwind is Zarathustra: and if he be a dancer, he is not at all a tarantula-dancer!—

He distinguishes his own dancing from the tarantula-dance of vengeance.

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One evening went Zarathustra and his disciples through the forest; and when he sought for a well, lo, he lighted upon a green meadow peacefully surrounded with trees and bushes, where maidens were dancing together. As…

Zarathustra welcomes the divine dance and promises a dance-song to mock gravity.

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Song to Life and WisdomXXXII. The Dance-Song
And this is the song that Zarathustra sang when Cupid and the maidens danced together: Of late did I gaze into thine eye, O Life! And into the unfathomable did I there seem to sink. But thou pulledst me out with a…

Life laughs and mocks him, and the song plays out as a teasing, dance-like exchange.

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Thus spake once in a happy hour my purity: “Divine shall everything be unto me.” Then did ye haunt me with foul phantoms; ah, whither hath that happy hour now fled! “All days shall be holy unto me”—so spake once the…

The dance, in which he speaks the parable of the highest things, is ruined when the minstrel's mournful tune slays his rapture.

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Calm is the bottom of my sea: who would guess that it hideth droll monsters! Unmoved is my depth: but it sparkleth with swimming enigmas and laughters. A sublime one saw I to-day, a solemn one, a penitent of the spirit:…

Zarathustra laughs at his ugliness and faults him for never having learned laughing.

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Alas, how ye stand there before me, ye unfruitful ones; how lean your ribs! And many of you surely have had knowledge thereof. Many a one hath said: “There hath surely a God filched something from me secretly whilst I…

Laughter lets him make light of men who marvel at themselves, so that they do not add to his load.

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Hear, I pray you, the dream that I dreamed, my friends, and help me to divine its meaning! A riddle is it still unto me, this dream; the meaning is hidden in it and encaged, and doth not yet fly above it on free…

The black coffin bursts into a thousand peals of laughter, a laughter that terrifies the dreamer.

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Thus did Zarathustra relate his dream, and then was silent: for as yet he knew not the interpretation thereof. But the disciple whom he loved most arose quickly, seized Zarathustra’s hand, and said: “Thy life itself…

The disciple reads Zarathustra as the wind and the laughing coffin that frightens the grave-guardians; laughter is his power over weariness.

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Third Part

The transfigured one who laughedXLVI. The Vision and the Enigma
No longer shepherd, no longer man—a transfigured being, a light-surrounded being, that LAUGHED! Never on earth laughed a man as HE laughed! O my brethren, I heard a laughter which was no human laughter,—and now gnaweth…

The shepherd rises transfigured and laughs a superhuman laughter, which Zarathustra longs for.

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Happiness is a womanXLVII. Involuntary Bliss
Happiness runneth after me. That is because I do not run after women. Happiness, however, is a woman.

The night passes without misfortune and he ends by laughing mockingly at himself.

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The heaven of chance and innocenceXLVIII. Before Sunrise
For all things are baptized at the font of eternity, and beyond good and evil; good and evil themselves, however, are but fugitive shadows and damp afflictions and passing clouds. Verily, it is a blessing and not a…

Things prefer to dance on the feet of chance, and a little wisdom is mixed in for the sake of folly.

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Heaven as table for divine diceXLVIII. Before Sunrise
That thou art to me a dancing-floor for divine chances, that thou art to me a table of the Gods, for divine dice and dice-players!

The heaven becomes a dancing-floor and dice-table, free of any eternal reason-spider.

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Winter, a bad guest, sitteth with me at home; blue are my hands with his friendly hand-shaking. I honour him, that bad guest, but gladly leave him alone. Gladly do I run away from him; and when one runneth WELL, then…

He meets the harsh guest with laughter, running and mockery, keeping his happiness light.

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They did not “begloom” themselves to death—that do people fabricate! On the contrary, they—LAUGHED themselves to death once on a time!

Laughter is the means by which divinity ends, hearing 'there are Gods, but no God.'

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One does not fly into flyingLV. The Spirit of Gravity
Verily, I learned waiting also, and thoroughly so,—but only waiting for MYSELF. And above all did I learn standing and walking and running and leaping and climbing and dancing. This however is my teaching: he who…

Flying is reached by first learning standing, walking, running, climbing and dancing.

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No one yet knows good and badLVI. Old and New Tables
When I came unto men, then found I them resting on an old infatuation: all of them thought they had long known what was good and bad for men. An old wearisome business seemed to them all discourse about virtue; and he…

He laughs at the great moralists, and he dreams of a future where all becoming is the dancing of gods.

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—O mine animals, answered Zarathustra, talk on thus and let me listen! It refresheth me so to hear your talk: where there is talk, there is the world as a garden unto me. How charming it is that there are words and…

Words and tones are the means by which man dances over all things.

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Zarathustra's dance after teasing LifeLIX. The Second Dance-Song
“Into thine eyes gazed I lately, O Life: gold saw I gleam in thy night-eyes,—my heart stood still with delight: —A golden bark saw I gleam on darkened waters, a sinking, drinking, reblinking, golden swing-bark! At my…

Zarathustra dances in pursuit of Life, who lures, flees and mocks him, until he threatens her with his whip.

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Life answers: beyond good and evilLIX. The Second Dance-Song
Then did Life answer me thus, and kept thereby her fine ears closed: “O Zarathustra! Crack not so terribly with thy whip! Thou knowest surely that noise killeth thought,—and just now there came to me such delicate…

Life asks him to stop cracking the whip, since noise kills thought.

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If my virtue be a dancer’s virtue, and if I have often sprung with both feet into golden-emerald rapture: If my wickedness be a laughing wickedness, at home among rose-banks and hedges of lilies: —For in laughter is all…

His virtue is a dancer's and his wickedness a laughing one, sanctified by its own bliss.

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And if it be my Alpha and Omega that everything heavy shall become light, every body a dancer, and every spirit a bird: and verily, that is my Alpha and Omega!—

A summary of his whole teaching of lightness, dance and flight.

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If ever I have spread out a tranquil heaven above me, and have flown into mine own heaven with mine own pinions: If I have swum playfully in profound luminous distances, and if my freedom’s avian wisdom hath come to…

The light one is told to throw himself about and sing, since there is no above and no below.

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Fourth and Last Part

Cast out, hook! Look out, eye!LXI. The Honey Sacrifice
Here laugh, laugh, my hearty, healthy wickedness! From high mountains cast down thy glittering scorn-laughter! Allure for me with thy glittering the finest human fish! And whatever belongeth unto ME in all seas, my…

He calls on his healthy wickedness and scorn-laughter to lure the finest fish.

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With those words Zarathustra turned around to depart. Then said the soothsayer: “O Zarathustra, thou art a rogue! I know it well: thou wouldst fain be rid of me! Rather wouldst thou run into the forest and lay snares…

Zarathustra promises that by evening the soothsayer will dance to his lays as a dancing-bear.

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“What!” said he, “have not the most ludicrous things always happened to us old anchorites and saints? Verily, my folly hath grown big in the mountains! Now do I hear six old fools’ legs rattling behind one another! But…

Laughter dissolves Zarathustra's irritation; he laughs at the six old fools' legs.

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“Ye despairing ones! Ye strange ones! So it was YOUR cry of distress that I heard? And now do I know also where he is to be sought, whom I have sought for in vain to-day: THE HIGHER MAN—: —In mine own cave sitteth he,…

He wishes a jovial buffoon or dancer would come to make the despairing guests laugh.

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What hath hitherto been the greatest sin here on earth? Was it not the word of him who said: “Woe unto them that laugh now!” Did he himself find no cause for laughter on the earth? Then he sought badly. A child even…

The absolute ones who curse laughter have heavy feet and cannot dance.

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This crown of the laughter, this rose-garland crown: I myself have put on this crown, I myself have consecrated my laughter. No one else have I found to-day potent enough for this. Zarathustra the dancer, Zarathustra…

Zarathustra names himself the dancer, the light one and the sooth-laugher, wearing the rose-garland crown of laughter.

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Do like unto the wind when it rusheth forth from its mountain-caves: unto its own piping will it dance; the seas tremble and leap under its footsteps. That which giveth wings to asses, that which milketh the lionesses:—…

The free storm-spirit dances upon fens and afflictions; the higher men must learn to dance and laugh beyond themselves.

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“ZARATHUSTRA!” cried all of them there assembled, as if with one voice, and burst out at the same time into a great laughter; there arose, however, from them as it were a heavy cloud. Even the magician laughed, and said…

A great laughter dispels the heavy cloud of the magician's spell.

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The ugliest man's roguish replyLXXVIII. The Ass-Festival
—“And thou thyself, finally,” said Zarathustra, and turned towards the ugliest man, who still lay on the ground stretching up his arm to the ass (for he gave it wine to drink). “Say, thou nondescript, what hast thou…

He quotes Zarathustra's own teaching that one kills not by wrath but by laughter.

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Thus spake Zarathustra; then, however, it happened that all on a sudden he became aware that he was flocked around and fluttered around, as if by innumerable birds,—the whizzing of so many wings, however, and the…

The lion, shaking its head and laughing at the doves, appears as the laughing lion.

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Nietzsche elsewhere

Great healthiness: the type's physiological conditionFriedrich Nietzsche · Ecce Homo, 1888Nietzsche

Nietzsche says that the type Zarathustra rests on 'great healthiness', a health constantly sacrificed and regained, and quotes Joyful Wisdom 382 on the ideal of a spirit who out of superabundant power plays with everything hitherto called holy and good, a humanly superhuman well-being that parodies all past solemnity and with which great earnestness and tragedy begin.

The ideal appears as an unconscious parody of all past earnestness.

Composing Parts II and IIIFriedrich Nietzsche · Ecce Homo, 1888Nietzsche

Nietzsche says that 'The Night-Song' was composed in Rome above the Piazza Barberini, the second part in ten days at Sils, the third at Nice, with 'Old and New Tables' composed on the climb from the station to Eza, each part taking no more than ten days; his creative energy coincided with great bodily vigour, dancing, walking and laughter.

Nietzsche reports dancing and laughing much while writing the book.

How the great No-sayer remains Yea-sayingFriedrich Nietzsche · Ecce Homo, 1888Nietzsche

Nietzsche says that the psychological problem of the type is how one who says and does No to everything hitherto affirmed, bears the heaviest destiny and thinks the most abysmal thoughts, can still be a dancer who finds no objection even to the eternal recurrence of existence but becomes himself 'the tremendous and unlimited saying of Yea and Amen'; this is precisely the idea of Dionysus.

The bearer of the heaviest destiny is nevertheless a dancer.

What the critics said

What dance means in NietzscheGeorg Brandes · Aristocratic Radicalism, 1889interpretation

Brandes defines dance in Nietzsche's language as the lofty lightness of mind exalted above the gravity of earth and all stupid seriousness, introducing the Second Dance Song in which Zarathustra dances with Life as a woman.

A crisp gloss of dance as lightness of mind.

The sublime ones stuck at the camel stageAnthony M. Ludovici · Notes on Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1909interpretation

Ludovici says the sublime ones are a type Nietzsche did not wholly dislike but who take life too seriously and never surmount the camel stage; real greatness is to speak of lofty things without being oppressed by them, and Nietzsche breaks old things not with the anarchist's irreverence but with the fingers of an artist at ease with beauty, guided by his own taste.

Greatness lies in lightness toward the highest things.

Learn to laughAnthony M. Ludovici · Notes on Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1909exposition

Ludovici explains that the closing paragraphs of 'The Higher Man' protest against democratic seriousness: all that is good is cheerful, being able to joke about one's deepest feelings tests their value, and the greatest sin was the word 'Woe unto them that laugh now!'

Laughter as the test and mark of the good.

The ass-festival as recreationAnthony M. Ludovici · Notes on Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1909exposition

Ludovici explains that Zarathustra, after rebuking the higher men, sees the ass-festival as foolish but necessary, a recreation for wise men devised by convalescents, and bids them celebrate it again out of love for themselves and him.

Valiant nonsense as needed recreation.