For FEAR—is an exception with us. Courage, however, and adventure, and delight in the uncertain, in the unattempted—COURAGE seemeth to me the entire primitive history of man.
Zarathustra returns, laughs, throws roses and calls the conscientious one's truth a folly. He says fear is the exception and courage the whole primitive history of man. That courage, grown spiritual, with eagle's pinions and serpent's wisdom, is what is now called Zarathustra.
- War, the warrior and courageZarathustra makes courage, not fear, the root of human history and of the spirit.
- Scholars, poets and the knowersHe answers the idea that science grows from fear with his own account of the spirit's origin.
- The Superman (Übermensch)Man became man by envying and robbing the beasts of their virtues, which implies a further overcoming.
What the critics said
Ludovici argues that by making the conscientious specialist the only one to resist the magician's melancholy music, Nietzsche pays high tribute to the honesty of the scientist, and uses the debate on fear to restate that courage is the entire primitive history of man.