To make an end, his philosophy was wholly aristocratic, in aim as well as in terms. He believed that superior men, by which he meant alert and restless men, were held in chains by the illusions and inertia of the mass--that their impulse to move forward and upward, at whatever cost to those below, was restrained by false notions of duty and responsibility. It was his effort to break down those false notions, to show that the progress of the race was more important than the comfort of the herd, to combat and destroy the lingering spectre of sin--in his own phrase, to make man innocent. But when he said man he always meant the higher man, the man of tomorrow, and not mere men. For the latter he had only contempt: he sneered at their heroes, at their ideals, at their definitions of good and evil. "There are only three ways," he said, "in which the masses appear to me to deserve a glance: first, as blurred copies of their betters, printed on bad paper and from worn-out plates; secondly, as a necessary opposition; and thirdly, as tools. Further than that I hand them over to statistics--and the devil.[8] ... I am writing for a race of men which does not yet exist. I am writing for the lords of the earth."[9]
criticism · Nietzsche and His Critics
A wholly aristocratic philosophy
Mencken argues that Nietzsche's philosophy was wholly aristocratic: he sought to free superior men from false notions of duty and sin, to 'make man innocent', but meant by man only the higher man of tomorrow, holding the masses in contempt and writing 'for the lords of the earth'.
- The herd, the rabble, the many-too-manyThe masses deserve notice only as copies, opposition, or tools.
- Revaluation of values (old and new tables)Breaking false notions of duty, responsibility and sin is aimed at liberating the higher type.
- The Superman (Übermensch)The man of tomorrow, a race not yet existing, is the true addressee.